Abstract BACKGROUND: Due to “stay at home” restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, people spent more time at home leading to an increase in home accidents, including burns. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiology of burns that occurred within homes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: This was a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample. METHODS: Data were collected through the distribution of survey links on social networking sites and websites, and through email between December 2020 and February 2021. Participants were over 18 years of age, living in Brazil. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and dispersion statistics. RESULTS: A total of 939 adults (aged > 18 years) participated in this study. The mean age was 37.2 years (standard deviation [SD] = 12.5), 75.6% were female, 70.0% self-reported white skin color, 74% had completed higher education, and 28.1% had an income of 3 to 6 times the monthly minimum wage. A total of 21.6% suffered burns during the pandemic, 44.3% from a hot object. Approximately 49.3% never had access to a burn prevention campaign. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop burn prevention strategies that reach a wider population and to strengthen public policies to reduce the prevalence of domestic burns, especially during the pandemic.

Resumen Las instituciones de educación superior, dentro de su autonomía universitaria, deben cumplir órdenes judiciales dispuestas mediante acciones de tutela. Estas decisiones judiciales son de obligatorio e inmediato cumplimiento. En algunas de estas decisiones se profieren órdenes que, en ocasiones, pueden ser contrarias a las características propias de la institución o sus directrices académicas-curriculares que enmarcan el proceso educativo, conforme su autonomía universitaria. El objetivo de este artículo es evidenciar cómo, incluso cuando la autonomía universitaria está consagrada en la Constitución Política como garantía para las instituciones de educación superior, se encuentra en riesgo por cuenta de las órdenes que son proferidas en algunos fallos de tutela.

Abstract Higher education institutions, within their university autonomy, must comply with court orders issued through actions for protection. These judicial decisions are mandatory and immediate compliance. In some of these decisions, issued orders are sometimes contrary to the characteristics of the institution or its academic-curricular guidelines that frame the educational process, according to its university autonomy. The objective of this article is to show how, even if it is enshrined in the Political Constitution as a guarantee for higher education institutions, university autonomy is at risk due to the orders that are issued in some protection decisions.

Resumo As instituições de ensino superior, dentro de sua autonomia universitária, devem cumprir ordens judiciais dispostas mediante ações de tutela. Essas decisões judiciais são de obrigatório e imediato cumprimento. Em algumas dessas decisões, são proferidas ordens que, em ocasiões, podem ser contrárias às características próprias da instituição ou suas diretrizes acadêmico-curriculares que enquadram o processo educacional, conforme sua autonomia universitária. O objetivo deste artigo é evidenciar como a autonomia universitária encontra-se em risco - inclusive quando está consagrada na Constituição Política como garantia para as instituições de ensino superior - devido às ordens que são proferidas em algumas sentenças de tutela.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Due to “stay at home” restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, people spent more time at home leading to an increase in home accidents, including burns. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiology of burns that occurred within homes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: This was a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample. METHODS: Data were collected through the distribution of survey links on social networking sites and websites, and through email between December 2020 and February 2021. Participants were over 18 years of age, living in Brazil. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and dispersion statistics. RESULTS: A total of 939 adults (aged > 18 years) participated in this study. The mean age was 37.2 years (standard deviation [SD] = 12.5), 75.6% were female, 70.0% self-reported white skin color, 74% had completed higher education, and 28.1% had an income of 3 to 6 times the monthly minimum wage. A total of 21.6% suffered burns during the pandemic, 44.3% from a hot object. Approximately 49.3% never had access to a burn prevention campaign. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop burn prevention strategies that reach a wider population and to strengthen public policies to reduce the prevalence of domestic burns, especially during the pandemic.

ABSTRACT Background: Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (SDTF) are recognized by their great biological diversity, but little is known about their temporal patterns, which may be crucial in a changing world. Here we aimed to characterize the SDTF dynamic patterns in floristic and structural changes, and also to evaluate shifts in dynamic rates and structural attributes such as richness, number of trees and biomass. Our hypothesis is that SDTF tree communities have their dynamic characterized by temporal fluctuations related to an instability pattern, in according to the already found for others tropical forests. For this we used a data of 42 400 m² plots in three fragments in the Brazilian Arboreal Caatinga, measured in 2005, 2010 and 2015. We evaluated temporal changes in richness, species composition, trees density, biomass and rates of tree mortality and recruitment; and also rates of biomass gain and loss. Results: We found a pattern of floristic composition stability, but with changes in structure and dynamics. There was a tree density decrease driven by constant mortality and by recruitment decrease, and biomass increase due to decrease in biomass loss and to increase in biomass gain. The biomass increase was main related to a small set of dominant species that are the most representative in the community dynamics. Conclusion: SDTF dynamics are related to stability in species composition, but with structural changes towards higher biomass stocks. The results are main related to community dynamics and to SDTF attributes such as climatic seasonality that drives the local ecological processes.

Abstract: This article aims to discern and interpret the transformations in the way of life of rural dwellers caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. Drawing on a collaborative semi-virtual ethnography and a household survey conducted in late 2020 in Tlahuapan, Puebla, we examine their experiences, socially constructed meanings, and perceived risks, as well as the material and historical conditions that sha-pe their response to the crisis. Based on this methodology, it is argued that the pandemic has been locally resignified and expressed in particular ways, affecting our understanding of its consequences and meanings.

Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es describir e interpretar las transformaciones causadas por la pandemia de Covid-19 en los modos de vida de las personas que habitan el medio rural, así como sus experiencias, los significados socialmente construidos, los riesgos y las condiciones materiales e históricas para enfrentarla. A partir de una metodología etnográfica colaborativa no presencial que incluye una encuesta levantada al final de 2020 en hogares de Tlahuapan, Puebla, se examina que este fenómeno global ha sido resignificado localmente y se expresa en formas particulares, lo que incide en cómo se comprenden las consecuencias y los significados de la contingencia.

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou caracterizar a dinâmica, além das mudanças estruturais e florísticas em uma comunidade arbórea de Floresta Estacional Decidual, no Norte de Minas Gerais no intervalo de cinco anos. Em 2005, foram alocadas 10 parcelas de 20x20m. Os indivíduos com CAP ≥ 10 cm foram marcados com etiquetas numeradas e mensurados. Em 2010, no segundo inventário, foram incorporados os recrutas, registrados os mortos e remedidos os sobreviventes. Em 2005 foram registradas 46 espécies, e em 2010 foram 45 espécies. O índice de Shannon-Wienner (H’ = 2,62 nats ind-1 em 2005; H’ = 2,60 nats ind-1 em 2010) e a equabilidade de Pielou (J = 0,683 em 2005; J = 0,682 em 2010) não apresentaram diferenças significativas. Foram registrados ao todo 57 indivíduos mortos, com taxa de mortalidade média de 1,64% ano-1. Enquanto ocorreram 18 recrutas, apresentando taxa de recrutamento médio de 0,53% ano-1. Apesar da maior mortalidade, em comparação com o recrutamento, os resultados sugerem que a comunidade se manteve estável tanto em termos estruturais e de diversidade no intervalo considerado.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to characterize the dynamics, structural changes and floristics of a Northern Minas Gerais Seasonally Deciduous Forest tree community, in a 5 year interval. In 2005, 10 (20 x 20m) plots were allocated. All trees (CBH ≥ 10 cm) were tagged and measured. A second census was carried out in 2010 in order to measure surviving, new recruits and dead trees. In 2005, 46 species were recorded, moving to 45 in 2010. No significant differences were found for Shannon - diversity (H’ = 2.62 nats ind-1 in 2005; H’ = 2.60 nats ind-1 in 2010) and Pielou eveness (J = 0.683 in 2005; J = 0.682 in 2010) in the interval. A total of 57 dead records (rate of 1.64% year-1) were found whereas 18 trees were recruited (rate of 0.53% year-1). Despite the higher mortality as compared to recruitment, the results suggest that the community remained stable in both structural and diversity terms in the interval considered.

Abstract: This article combines the anthropology of commodities with the re-materialization of anthropological thought to examine the role played by denim jeans in the reconfiguration of social, economic and environmental processes in a small town in Tlaxcala, Mexico. The aim is to unravel the social and environmental meshwork woven by the local production of jeans and show how this dynamic and its material implications has profoundly permeated the townspeople lives. The jeans, together with the subjects that manipulate and transform them, as well as other objects and nonhuman subjects, all have co-produced an uncertain, uneven and alienating arena that is also a reflection of neoliberalism.

Resumen: A partir de una discusión sobre la antropología de las mercancías y las propuestas de rematerializar los estudios antropológicos se pretende mostrar el papel de la mezclilla en la reconfiguración social, económica y ambiental en una localidad tlaxcalteca. El objetivo es deshilar la madeja socioambiental tejida por la producción local de jeans y demostrar cómo ésta ha penetrado en las vidas de los pobladores de manera que, en conjunto con los sujetos que la manipulan y transforman, así como otros objetos y sujetos no humanos, se ha coproducido un escenario precario, desigual y reflejo de las dinámicas capitalistas neoliberales.

Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (SDTF) are gaining recognition as a habitat of global conservation significance. However, these forests often occur on rich soils, and are therefore prone to disturbance by agricultural activities. Across their range, many SDTFs are in various stages of regeneration, although little is known about their regeneration dynamics and temporal change in general. To fill this knowledge gap, we studied the changes in species diversity and community structure of an SDTF tree community with a history of past selective logging located in northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. We hypothesized an increase in species diversity and biomass-related parameters, along with a reduction in stem density for the community after five years of regeneration. In 2005, we measured all trees (diameter ≥ 3.18 cm at 1.3 m) within twenty 20 x 20 m (400 m²) plots in the patch, and we remeasured the trees in 2010. Between the two censuses, we found no significant changes in species richness and diversity, suggesting that species accumulation had leveled out. However, we found significant gains in tree basal area and recruitment, suggesting continual regeneration. Diameter class distributions of the five most abundant tree species showed similar patterns. We conclude that past disturbances can have ongoing effects on SDTF vegetation, although inter-annual variations may also play a regulatory role on community dynamics.

Los Bosques Tropicales Secos Estacionales (BTSE) gozan de reconocimiento como hábitat de importancia global para la conservación. Sin embargo, estos bosques se encuentran a menudo en suelos ricos, y, por lo tanto, son propensos a perturbación por actividades agrícolas. En su rango de distribución, muchos BTSE están en varias etapas de regeneración, pero se sabe poco acerca de su dinámica de regeneración y cambio temporal en general. Para llenar este vacío de conocimiento, se estudiaron cambios en la diversidad de especies y la estructura de una comunidad de árboles de un BTSE con una historia de tala selectiva en el norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Se hipotetizó un aumento en la diversidad de especies y parámetros relacionados con la biomasa, junto con una reducción de la densidad para la comunidad después de cinco años de regeneración. En 2005, todos los árboles (diámetro ≥ 3,18 cm a 1,3 m) fueron medidos dentro de veinte parcelas de 20x20 m (400 m²), y fue repetido el mismo procedimiento en 2010. Entre ambos censos, no hubo cambios significativos en riqueza de especies ni diversidad, lo que sugiere que la acumulación de especies se había estabilizado. Sin embargo, hubo ganancias significativas en área basal y en el reclutamiento, lo que sugiere una regeneración continua. Las distribuciones diamétricas de las cinco especies de árboles más abundantes mostraron patrones similares. Se concluyó que los disturbios pasados pueden tener efectos continuos sobre la vegetación del BTSE, aunque las variaciones interanuales también pueden desempeñar un papel regulador en la dinámica de la comunidad.

La presente investigación evaluó los estilos de vida de jóvenes universitarios, en este caso la relación entre el hábito y frecuencia del consumo de lácteos y nivel de calcio presente en la orina de jóvenes entre los 18 y 25 años de la ciudad de Armenia. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio descriptivo, en 98 jóvenes a los cuales se les aplico un instrumento de valoración donde se obtuvo información acerca de sus estilos de vida, consumo de lácteos, y se les práctico un examen de calcio en orina ocasional. Los resultados obtenidos arrojaron que toda la población objeto de estudio consumen productos lácteos, los hombres prefieren consumir más la leche con un 60% que las mujeres con un 51%. No se encontró correlación entre el consumo de lácteos y la cantidad de calcio presente en la Orina dado que los valores dieron muy cercanos a cero (-0,0288035 - 0,12558183). No se evidenció correlación entre el consumo, frecuencia y tipo de producto lácteo consumido vs. cantidad de calcio encontrada en la orina y la alteración de los niveles de calcio en orina que darían origen al padecimiento de hipercalciuria o hipocalciuria, por lo cual es necesario buscar y correlacionar otras fuentes de calcio que eviten los padecimientos anteriormente mencionados.

This research assessed the lifestyles of university students, in this case the relationship between the habit and frequency of consumption of dairy products and calcium levels in the urine of young people between 18 and 25 years of the city of Armenia. an exploratory descriptive study, in which 98 young people to apply them as a valuable tool where information was obtained about their lifestyles, consumption of dairy products was performed and performed a calcium scan occasional urine. The results showed that the entire studypopulation consume dairy products, men prefer to consume more milk with 60% women 51%. No correlation between dairy intake and the amount of calcium in the urine was found since the values given very close to zero (-0.0288035 to 0.12558183). No correlation between consumption, frequency and type of dairy product consumed evidenced vs. amount of calcium found in urine and altered levels of calcium in urine that would give rise to the condition of hypercalciuria or hypocalciuria, so you need to search and correlate other sources of calcium to avoid the aforementioned conditions.

Abstract Background The literature findings report that use of multiple substances can produce adverse clinical and behavioral effects, which may affect craving and the results of drug treatment. Also, the understanding of craving construct and its interaction in the use of smoked substances is underexplored. Objectives To induce and compare craving for tobacco, marijuana and crack-cocaine on hospitalized dependents whose drug of choice is crack-cocaine. Methods Quasi-experimental study with a convenience sample consisting of 210 males divided into 3 equal groups (Group-1: craving induced by crack; Group-2: craving induced by tobacco; and Group-3: craving induced by marijuana). All participants met ICD-10 dependence criteria for cocaine/crack, marijuana and tobacco, were aged between 18 and 65 and had used these substances for at least one year. Photos were used to induce craving and self-report instruments to evaluate possible alterations. Results This study showed that craving for tobacco was more intense than for marijuana and crack, when the groups were compared by VAS. Using specific scales, both craving for tobacco and craving for marijuana were more intense than craving for crack. Discussion These results would imply interventions at the initial stages of abstinence with cognitive-behavioural techniques and pharmacotherapy in order to reduce craving.

A maior parte dos estudos envolvendo as Florestas Tropicais Sazonalmente Secas aborda questões fitogeográficas e conexões florísticas deste bioma disjunto. Porém, pouco se conhece a respeito das características estruturais da FTSS. Devido a esta lacuna existente na literatura, buscamos descrever a estrutura de um fragmento remanescente de FTSS em uma área ecotonal entre domínio do Cerrado e da Caatinga. Ocorreram no estudo grande número de espécies arbóreas, 79, e altos valores para os índices de diversidade e equabilidade (3,6 nats/indivíduos e 0,83, respectivamente). A distribuição diamétrica para os indivíduos que apresentaram maiores valores de cobertura e para a comunidade não resultou em padrão de J-reverso, o que indica adaptações ecológicas ao stress hídrico adotadas em diferentes estratégias de crescimento. Não houve formação de grupos florísticos, já que a alta fertilidade do solo da área de estudo configura um ambiente homogêneo. A característica da área de estudo detectada através da estrutura, associada a dados edáficos, nos permitiu vislumbrar sua importância em termos de conservação e reforçar a importância de estudos com este enfoque nas FTSS.

Most studies on Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (SDTFs) investigate phytogeographic patterns and floristic connections of this disjunct biome. However, little is known about the structural characteristics of SDTFs. We aimed to describe the structure of a SDTF in an ecotonal area between the Cerrado and Caatinga domains. In total, 79 tree species were recorded, and high values of Shannon diversity index (3.6 nats/individual) and equability (0.83) were observed. The diameter distribution for the species with higher cover values and for the entire community did not exhibit a reverse-J shaped distribution, which indicates the occurrence of different growth strategies and ecological adaptations to water stress. The results did not indicate the formation of floristic groups, as the high soil fertility in the study area results in a homogeneous environment. The structural characteristics of the study area associated with the soil composition highlight its importance for conservation and emphasize the need for community structure studies in SDTFs.

Trata-se de estudo transversal que objetivou avaliar: consumo de crack (entrevista semi-estruturada), funcionamento adaptativo (relativo às amizades, trabalho e família), psicopatológico (Adult Self-Report) e funções cognitivas (Screening Cognitivo do WAIS-III) de usuários de crack internados. Dos 84 participantes (90,5% homens), 53,6% fez uso diário de crack no último ano, com consumo médio usual de 1,54 gramas (DP=0,53; Mín.=0,5; Máx.=2,5). Houve grande prevalência de classificação na faixa clínica nos problemas internalizantes (77,4%), externalizantes (77,4%), funcionamento adaptativo (variando de 84,6 a 97,6%) e de comportamentos transgressores (70,3% comportamentos de quebra de regras e 59,6% comportamentos anti-sociais). As funções cognitivas encontraram-se preservadas (médio inferior/médio/médio superior) na grande maioria (>75%) dos entrevistados, com pior desempenho no subteste Vocabulário (22,6% classificação inferior).

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the use of crack cocaine (semi-structured interview), adaptive functioning (concerning friends, work, and family), psychopathological functioning (Adult Self-Report) and cognitive functions (WAIS-III) among hospitalized crack cocaine users. From the 84 respondents (90.5% male), 53.6% used crack cocaine on a daily basis in the previous year, with an usual average consumption of 1.54 grams (SD=.53; Min.=.5; Max.=2.5). There was a large prevalence of internalizing (77.4%) and externalizing (77.4%) problems, adaptive functioning (84.6 to 97.6%) and wrongful behavior (70.3% of rule-breaking behavior and 59.6% of antisocial behavior). Cognitive functions were preserved (low average/average/high average) in most respondents (>75%), with worse performance on the Vocabulary subtest (22.6% in the low average range).

O presente estudo objetivou realizar a adaptação da URICA para avaliação da motivação para a mudança de hábitos alimentares e posterior redução da versão de 32 para a de 24 itens, mediante análise fatorial exploratória e de índices de fidedignidade. Trata-se de um estudo de cunho instrumental, realizado com 175 participantes de programas de redução de peso do sul do Brasil. A análise fatorial apontou uma solução de 4 fatores, referentes aos 4 estágios de motivação para a mudança e apresentou um alpha de Cronbach total de 0,842, que variou de 0,813 a 0,940 entre os 4 domínios.

This study aimed to perform the adaptation of URICA to assess motivation to change eating habits and the subsequent reduction from 32 to 24 items through exploratory factor analysis and reliability indices. This is an instrumental nature study, conducted with 175 participants in weight reduction programs from the South of Brazil. The factor analysis yielded a solution of four factors, relating to the four stages of motivation for change and Cronbach's Alpha showed a total of 0.84, which ranged from 0.814 to 0.94 among the four domains.

El presente estudio objetivó realizar la adaptación de la URICA para evaluación de la motivación para el cambio de hábitos alimentarios y posterior reducción de la versión de 32 para 24 ítems, a través de análisis factorial exploratorio y de índices de fiabilidad. Se trata de un estudio de carácter instrumental, realizado con 175 participantes de programas de reducción de peso del sur de Brasil. El análisis factorial apuntó una solución de 4 factores, referentes a los 4 estadios de motivación para el cambio y presentó un Alpha de Cronbach total de 0,842, que varió de 0,813 a 0,940 entre los 4 dominios.

OBJETIVOS: 1) Investigar a associação entre escores de compulsão alimentar, sintomas de ansiedade e de depressão e índice de massa corporal (IMC); e 2) verificar se existe diferença na intensidade dos sintomas de ansiedade, dos sintomas depressivos e no IMC em mulheres com e sem compulsão alimentar. MÉTODO: A amostra foi composta de 113 mulheres com idade entre 22 e 60 anos (39,35±10,85), participantes de programas de redução de peso na cidade de Porto Alegre, sul do Brasil. Foram aplicados os seguintes instrumentos: entrevista estruturada, Critérios de Classificação Econômica Brasil, Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck, Inventário de Depressão de Beck e Escala de Compulsão Alimentar Periódica. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se estatística descritiva e inferencial. RESULTADOS: Houve associação positiva entre os escores de compulsão alimentar e a intensidade dos sintomas de ansiedade (p < 0,001) e de depressão (p < 0,001). Não foi observada associação significativa (p = 0,341) entre IMC e escores de compulsão alimentar. Houve diferença significativa entre mulheres com e sem compulsão alimentar com relação à intensidade dos sintomas de ansiedade (p < 0,001) e depressão (p < 0,001). Não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os grupos com relação ao IMC (p = 0,103). CONCLUSÃO: Os achados deste estudo mostraram que a compulsão alimentar está associada a sintomas de ansiedade e de depressão, porém não está associada ao IMC.

OBJECTIVES: 1) To investigate the association between binge eating scores, anxiety and depression symptoms, and body mass index (BMI), and 2) to assess the presence of differences in severity of anxiety symptoms, severity of depression symptoms, and BMI in women with and without binge eating disorder. METHOD: The sample comprised 113 women aged between 22 and 60 years (39.35±10.85) enrolled in weight loss programs in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. The following instruments were used: structured interview, Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Binge Eating Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: A positive association was found between binge eating scores and the severity of anxiety symptoms (p < 0.001) and depression symptoms (p < 0.001). No significant association was observed between BMI and binge eating scores (p = 0.341). There were significant differences between women with and without binge eating disorder with regard to severity of anxiety symptoms (p < 0.001) and severity of depression symptoms (p < 0.001). Conversely, no significant differences were observed between the groups concerning BMI (p = 0.103). CONCLUSION: Our findings showed that binge eating is associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression, but not with BMI.

OBJETIVOS: Investigar se há associação entre intensidade e frequência de uso de crack e o nível econômico de dependentes da droga e verificar se há relação entre classe econômica e intensidade e frequência de uso de crack em homens adultos em internação psiquiátrica. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal quantitativo. Instrumentos: entrevista estruturada, Critérios de Classificação Econômica Brasil e Miniexame do Estado Mental. Tratamento estatístico: análises descritivas e inferenciais (testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis - nível de significância de 5%). RESULTADOS: Duzentos e vinte e um participantes foram divididos em dois grupos: (1) Grupo de maior nível econômico (classes A e B) e (2) Grupo de menor nível econômico (Classes C, D e E). Não houve diferença significativa (p = 0,893 - teste de Mann-Whitney) entre os grupos quanto à intensidade e à frequência de uso de crack. Também não houve relação significativa (p = 0,549 - teste de Kruskal-Wallis) entre classe econômica (A, B, C, D e E) e intensidade e frequência de uso de crack. CONCLUSÃO: Os dependentes de crack de maior e de menor poder aquisitivo não diferiram de forma significativa com relação à intensidade e à frequência de uso da droga. Não houve relação entre classe econômica e intensidade e frequência de uso de crack nesta amostra.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether a relationship exists between the intensity and frequency of crack consumption and the economic level of the drug addicts, and verify if there is a relationship between economic class and frequency and intensity of crack consumption in adult men during a psychiatric hospitalization. METHOD: This is quantitative study. Instruments: structured interview, Brazil Economic Classification Criteria and Mini Mental State Examination. Statistical analysis: descriptive and inferential analysis (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test - significance level of 5%). RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty one participants were divided into two groups: (1) Higher socioeconomic status group (classes A and B) and (2) lower socioeconomic status group (Classes C, D and E). There was no significant difference (p = 0.893 - Mann-Whitney) between the groups regarding the intensity and frequency of crack use. There was also no significantly relationship (p = 0.549 - Kruskal-Wallis) between economic class (A, B, C, D and E) and frequency and intensity of crack use. CONCLUSION: The crack-dependent higher and lower buying power did not differ significantly with respect to intensity and frequency of drug use. There was no relationship between socioeconomic status and frequency and intensity of crack use in this sample.